哈尔滨概念规划PDF文本战略概念规划免费下载PDF文本

提要

哈尔滨，黑龙江省会，重工业城市，人口303万。城市发展经历了三个时期：铁路枢纽和贸易中心城市、经济中心和国际都会、中国重要重工业基地。经济全球化、加入WTO和东北亚经济发展，为哈尔滨发展带来机遇与挑战。

Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang province, P.R.C., a city with heavy industry sectors and 3 million residents. Its development history may be divided into three periods: railway and trade center, regional economy center and metropolis and one of Chinese important heavy-industry bases. Economy globalization, a member of World Trade Organization and rapid international economic communication in North-East Asia, all of them bring new opportunities and challenges to Harbin city.

近20年，哈尔滨城市竞争力下降。根据经济、社会、环境3大系列20项指标分析，哈尔滨在全国15个副省级城市中，城市竞争力综合得分排名第11位。具体地说，在产业结构、就业率、卫生事业和生态环境指标方面位居中游，而综合经济、科技实力、开放程度、生活水平、教育事业、投资环境等均处下游。从城市竞争力要素看，自然条件与自然资源、劳动力和城市制度具有相对优势，科学技术、开放性要素有提升潜力，资本和信息要素存在明显不足。从哈尔滨看，提升城市竞争力的战略应该是：“开放理念与科教兴市”相结合。增强对外开放，改善投资环境；提升产业结构，实施科教兴市；倡导先进理念，鼓励制度创新。

However, the urban competitiveness of Harbin becomes weaker over the last two decades. According to the 20 economic, social and environmental indexes, Harbin city ranks 11 among the Chinese 15 province-level cities generally. Specifically, Harbin ranks middle in reference to industrial structure, employment rate, health care and ecological environment. Moreover, Harbin ranks much lower in reference to economy integration, science & technology, economic openness, standard of living, education and the investment environment. In sum, Harbin takes the advantages in location & natural resources, labors and institutional arrangements, while the disadvantage in science & technology, openness, capital and information. So, the strategies to promote Harbin’s urban competitiveness should be: to build openness ideology and to revitalize the city through science and technology; to adopt more open policies and to ameliorate its investment environment; to update its industrial structure and to advocate institutional innovations.

哈尔滨产业结构经历了交通商贸主导、重工业主导和调整转型三个阶段，目前具有劳动密集型和资本密集型产业为主的特征。产业结构重组按“一个增强，两个调整，三个重点，四个支柱”实施，即：增强产业竞争力；调整产业总体结构和产业内部结构；重点发展发达制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业；以汽车工业、医药工业、食品工业和旅游业为支柱产业。

Harbin’s industrial structure has experienced three transitions: from transportation to trade and to heavy industry. Now, it is transforming toward labor-intensive industry plus capital-intensive industry. The strategies to upgrade Harbin’s industrial structure may be expressed as “one improvement, two adjustments, three emphases and four productions”. That means: to strengthen industrial competitiveness; to adjust industrial external and internal structure; to emphasize manufacture, high-tech industry and modern service; to take auto-mobile, medicines, food and tourism as main Harbin’s productions.

哈尔滨城市功能再造的目标是：东北亚贸易中心、全国重要的装备制造业基地、交通枢纽与物流基地。同时利用哈尔滨的特色，营造寒地国际性城市、世界冰雪旅游文化名城和东北高新技术产业基地。据此，哈尔滨的城市性质可以确定为：世界冰雪旅游文化名城，东北亚贸易中心，全国重要的装备制造业基地，黑龙江省政治、经济、文化中心。

The development target of Harbin city should be toward: a trade center in the North-East Asia, one of most important bases of equipment manufacture, a transportation center and logistical base, moreover, an global city in global cold-zone, a famous city with ice-snow tour in the world and the high-tech base of Northeast China. In sum, the Harbin’s functions are: a world famous city with ice-snow tour culture, a trade center of Northeast Asia, an important equipment manufacture base in China, a political, economical and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.

做大城市规模是提高城市竞争力的基本手段。根据模型预测，哈尔滨GDP总量在2005年将达1600亿元，2010年达2600亿元，2020年达5600亿元。市域总人口2020年将达1100万人，市域城镇化水平将达70％，城镇总人口为740万人。依据市域城镇体系等级规模分析城镇人口分布，哈尔滨城市人口规模为430万人，其中：主城区220万人，滨江60万人，松北120万人，平房30万人。城市用地总规模控制在460平方公里左右。

Enlarging urban size is helpful to improve urban competitiveness. According to the prediction, Gross Domestic Product of Harbin city will be 160 billion Yuan in 2005, 260 billion in 2010 and 560 billion in 2020. In 2020, its urban-region population will be 11 million, its urbanization level will be 70 percent and 7.4 million people will live in cities or towns. Based on the analysis of urban system and population distribution, the population of Harbin city is predicted as 4.3 million in 2020 and 2.2 million in urban proper, 0.6 million in Bingjiang district, 1.2 million in Songbei district, 0.3 million in Pingfang district. The urban land of Harbin will be about 460 km2.

按照景观生态学原理，设立六片自然斑块保护区，保障“三主、五辅、一环”廊道，控制和改造河口生态节点，以维护景观生态体系为前提确定城市发展方向和可建设用地。城市用地发展方向为：“西拓北进，南控东抑”。

According to landscape ecology theory, six Ecological Patches and nine Ecological Corridors should be protected. Because urban development should not damage the Ecological Matrix, urban growth should be led to the north, the west of the city. The south and the east of city should be controlled.

重构哈尔滨城市空间，“从圈层蔓延到轴向拓展，从紧凑团块向分散组团，从大城市到都市区”，按“一城两翼，两核三轴”构建哈尔滨带形组团式城市。加快调整主城功能，重点拓展城市两翼，开发松北新城，建设松北政务区，组织沿机场高速、202国道、102国道三条城市增长轴。

Urban spatial structure of Harbin should be adjusted from urban sprawl to axes-led growth, from spread development to separate development, from big city to metropolitan area. Thus, reasonable urban spatial structure of Harbin involves two limbs, two center and three axes. To achieve such urban structure, two limbs should be emphasized. Songbei district should be constructed as an administration and service area. Three axes are built along the airport highway, Highway 202 and Highway 102.

哈尔滨城市功能区组织主要在于：主城强化二环内用地调整，松南建设中心商务区，建设两处物流基地，扩展哈东工业园，完善学府区，预留高速铁路通道；松北建设松浦、利民新区，布局沿江政务区、大学城、休闲度假区、高档居住区、超大型购物城和医药食品工业园区，并预留奥运村用地。滨江建设群力、空港综合性新区，群力以高新技术工业园区、对外物流基地为主，空港布置高档居住区和电子信息临港工业园区。

Reconstructions of urban functional areas of Harbin involve: to adjust the land use inner 2nd ring; to construct the central business district in urban core; to build two modern logistic bases; to develop Ha Dong Industry District, to regenerate the high education areas; to provide channels for high-speed railways; to build Songpu and Liming Districts; to layout administration and culture district, high education district, tour and holiday district, medicine and grocery district, low-density resident district, shopping mall and Olympics center; to develop Qunli and Kongang complex development zones, which involves high-teach industry district, logistic area, single-family housing and informational industry district near airport.

流动空间是提升哈尔滨城市功能和带形城市结构的支撑。建设信息港、航空港、高速公路和高速铁路为主体的区域高速通道网；依托现有的高速公路建设绕城高速公路；以主城区环路为起点，形成轴向快速通道网；建设十字形城市轨道交通线路，实现带形城市的空间构想。优化城市干道网，结合城市道路系统逐步完善站场和物流基地的布置。通过对信息高速公路和信息港的建设，将哈尔滨建设成全国的信息中心。

Transportation is very important to Harbin’s function formation and urban structure adjustment. The development strategies of transportation involves: to build information harbor; to improve airport’s capacity; to built highway and high speed rail; to link current urban rings with existing highway, to establish the crisscross structure of inner urban transportation, to build the Metro-railway. According to the linear urban structure, the transportation network should be optimized and the locations of transportation station should be adjusted step by step. To make Harbin to become one of the national information centers, the information speedway and information harbor should be established as soon as possible.

哈尔滨城市发展的重要基础设施包括：跨江桥梁和隧道、支撑带形城市结构的快速干道、保障城市安全的防洪堤，以及给水、污水处理等基础设施。按照“由内至外，组团发展”开发时序推进城市建设，近期重点建设松浦新区、群力新区，中期重点发展滨江新城西部，远期重点开发利民新区北部。估算至2020年哈尔滨市城市建设投资约1380亿元，其中：重要基础设施投资约260亿元，城市开发投资约1120亿元。

The important transportation facilities of Harbin city are bridges and tunnels, metro-railway system and throughway system, Waterlogging-prevent levees, water supply and sewage disposal systems. From inner to outer city, Harbin should develop Songpu district firstly, then develop Binjiang district and develop Liming district finally. These developments needs about 138 billion Yuan totally. Transportation facilities need 26 billion Yuan and others need 112 billon Yuan.