依托立体绿化技术推动城市生态进程Improving City Life with VerticalGreenery Technology作者简介：About the Author:赵聆汐女士是国际立体绿化专家，毕业于清华大Zhao Lingxi,graduated from college of fine arts.Tsinghua学美术学院（原中央工艺美术学院），多年潜心University,is a female specialist in vertical greenery.She于立体绿化领胞店中锖多倒假零种对雄物has for many years devoted herself to this field,and hasgained many natioual patents.She has great attainments配置、景观设计、节水滴灌等有着极深造诣。其in the arrangement of plants,landscape design and water-专攻领域涵括大型绿化工程项目和小型植物创意saving drip irrigation.Specializing in large-scale greenery产品，而由她全心打造的“一花一草”、“异星project and small greenery products,she proposes the部落”等植物创意品牌将自然、艺术、时尚、文famous brand called“Flowere&Green”and“Alien Tribes'"化与生活融会贯通，完美阐释对自然的渴望、对which integrates nature,art,fashion and culture into dailylife and clearly expresses her pursuit thereof.艺术的理想、对文化的追溯以及对生活的热爱随着我围城市化水平的逐步提高，高层筑的数量和密度不断增加，而城市the green coverage rate.地面的可绿化面积却相对减少，这种情况致使城市设用地和绿化用地的矛盾日益突出，因此城市绿化空间开始不断加大纵向发展的力度。加之生活水近年来。我国立体绿化技术的研究和应用逐步展开，也在不断创造新的适宜平的不断提高。使得人们对工作和居住环境提出了更高的要求，追求筑和国内当前需要的立体绿化技术，现代立体绿化的适用范围（屋面、墙面、篱自然环境的和请统一也成为现代城市规划重要的发展趋势之一，在不增加城栏、柳架、各种立柱，甚至水面、水下等)更广，可利用的植物（藤本、灌市用地的情况下，最大限度地扩大城市的绿化范围、提高绿化覆盖率及提升木、草本、水生，沉水等)也更多，可配备的技术设备（各种先进的自动灌绿化品质，发展立体绿化不失为一种行之有效的办法源系统，施肥系统、灯光和装饰材料等)也更丰富，人们完全可以在缩短绿化施工时间的前提下，达到更好的景观效果。减然，这些技术的革新在推动Increasing urbanization and more ecological contradictions make us城市生态化的进程中起到了非常关键的作用，realize that plants not only beautify our life,but also help to improve theenvironment,such as improving microclimate.conserving soil and water.In recent years,vertical greenery technology in China begins to develop.reducing noise pollution,absorbing and decomposing pollutants.and soWhile China leamns advanced skills from other countries.it also developson.Vertical greenery is an effective way to improve the environment whenits own technology that is suitable for itself.Modern Vertical greenery canland use keeps stable and cities need to enlarge green place and to raisebe applied in more areas such as vertical facade.fences,posts and more0莲蜀素村网Z.Z0.ET plants such as vines.shrubs can be used.In modern greenery there are a drip irrigation system,this model has many advantages such as higherequipment of auto-sprinkler irrigation,illumination and decorative materials.coverage,higher survival rate and more species.Also it can produceAll these form a better landscape in a shorter time.various patterns.cost little time to build,keeps on for a long time and iseasy to maintain,thus creating the best visual landscape同其他绿化方式一样，立体绿化的核心部分也是植物，因此植物的选择和配置成为立体绿化工程中的重要环节。选择立体绿化植物时，必须考虑不同习性的植物对环境条件的要求也不同，还应根据周围环境和植物的观赏效果及功能进行设计，既要选择满足这类生长条件的植物，也要为植物创造其所需要的生长条件，才能实现植物品种的多样化和和形式多变的综合景观效果，金属框架Like other ways of greenery.plants are the core in vertical greenery.Therefore,how to choose and arrange plants is very important.In choosing安装轨plants,their habits should be carefully considered.Also.designers need to标准基体consider the environment the plants will be living in and their appearanceand functions,to create suitable growth conditions so that there are moresuitable plants and the whole landscape becomes more beautiful.自动滴灌系统限于篇幅所致，本文将针对目前最为常见，也是技术发展最为成熟的立体绿化形式，重点讲述立体绿化植物墙的主要技术，以及植物搭配、技术重点及后期养护等相关内容，We will elaborate in this preface one of the most advanced vertical排水系统greenery methods-the green wall and its major technology.the use ofplants,its maintenance and other relevant matters.J，檀块地立体理化东意图一.立体绿化植物墙的主要技术(Maj6rTechnology)最为理想的处理方法是将植物在地面培养一到两个月，待充分扎根后，再安现代立体绿化植物墙的主要种植方式分为模块式、花槽倾斜放置式、水培式装到垂直面上，这样能达到最好的立体绿化效果。植物的选择以覆盖力强，以及框架牵引式。为延长景观的持续时间，选择的植物多以常绿植物为主。观赏效果好的草本及小灌木等植物为主，室内植物主要选择绿萝，吊兰，相肋草、合果芋。万年青、网纹草，红掌、白掌。富贵竹、咖啡木、龟背竹、Modern green walls employ mainly four planting methods,i.e.module蕨类等：室外阴面主要选择鸭脚木、陕类，莺尾，春羽、龟背竹、滴水观音system,slant plant grooves system,hydroponics system and framework等适阴植物：室外阳面则选择金叶假连翘、黄金格。小叶女贞、大红花、红system.In order to keep consistent greenery.evergreen plants are花继木，红叶石楠、海桐、毛杜鸭、希美丽、金森女贞、金叶女贞，朱蕉frequently employed.栀子花、花叶良姜，白纹草，山营兰、非洲莱莉、红花韭兰等向阳植物1,模块式(Module System)Ideally.plants arranged on the wall should be cultured on the ground totwo months to achieve the best results.Herbaceous plants and small模块式主要将植物分模块进行种植，是构图能力最强也是效果最好的种植方shrubs with high coverage,low root and nice visual effect are the best式。它要求使用统一标准的模块式基盘培养植物，基盘用挂钩或者螺丝等方choice.For interior space.Epipremnum aureum,Chlorophytum comosum式固定在金属架构上，基盘内盛装特制的培养基以种植植物。灌溉所采用的(Thunb.)Baker.Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engler,Syngonium自动滴灌系统有着非常明显的优势：植物覆盖率、成活率高。模块式能多品podophyllum Schott,Rohdea japonica (Thunb.)Roth,Fittonia verschaffeltii种种植，还可以组成不同的植物图案，而且现场施工时间短，是时效性最长、(Lemaire)van Houtte,Anthurium andraeanum Linden,Spathiphyllum区域极广，极易维护。效果最好的种植方式，kochii Engl.et Krause,Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast,Zeuzeracoffeae Nietner.Monstera deliciosa,Pteridophyta,etc are the bestIt is the way through which plants are arranged into many modules.It is choice.Outdoor dark sides mainly employ A/stonia scholaris (L)R.also the best way to arrange patterns and create visual effect.ArrangingBr..Ophiopogon intermedius D.Don,Reineckia carnea (Andr.)Kunthplants into standard module-like plates which hold special nutrients andOphiopogon bodinieri,Pteridophyta,Arrhenatherum elatius (L.)Presl var.are fixed on the medal framework by hooks or screws.and equipped with bulbosum (Willd.)Hyland f.variegatum Hitchc..Ophiopogon japonicus.<007<>蜀素衬网Z..WET Iris tectorum,etc.On the other hand,sunny sides use Duranta repens cv.Dwarf Yellow,Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour..Serissa japonica (Thunb.)Thunb.,Ficus microcarpa L.f.var.pusillifolia Liao.Ligustrum quihoui Carr.Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn..Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum Yieh.Photinia serrulata Lindl.var.serrulata.Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.)Ait..Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet.Allemanda cathartica L..Hamelia patensJacq..Ligustrum japonicum Howardi Ligustrum vicaryi.Codiaeumvariegatum (L.)A.Juss..Cordyline fruticosa (L)A.Cheval..Bougainvilleaglabra Choisy.Murraya exotica L..Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Alpiniazerumbet (Pers.)Burtt.et Smith.Chlorophytum bichetii Hort.ex BackerDianella ensifolia (L)DC..Fagraea ceilanica,Zephyranthes carinata(Spreng.)Herbert and Euphorbia mili/Ch.des Moulins,etc.2,花槽倾斜放置式(Slant Planting GroovesSystem)花槽倾斜放置式与模块式有点相似，只是花槽倾斜放置式的植物生长方向是斜向上，它要求使用硬质花槽或者轻质基袋承载培养基质。使植物沿垂直面向水平面倾斜一定角度生长。其中金属框架固定硬质花槽，花槽内装培养基质以便直接种植植物。Plants in slant grooves grow up toward a slant vertical dimension.Groovesare often light planting bags or in hard material that are fixed on metalframeworksPerennial evergreen plants with big leaves,high body and nice visual effectare frequently employed.Major indoor plants are Anthurium andraeanum滴灌Linden.Syngonium podophyllum Schott.Aglaonema modestum Schott exEngler,Rohdea japonica (Thunb.)Roth.Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lemaire)van Houtte,Epipremnum aureum.Monstera deliciosa,etc.Plants foroutdoor shady side are Alocasia macrorrhiza.Pteridophyta.Iris tectorum.安装轨Monstera deliciosa.Alstonia scholaris (L.)R.Br..Draceana arborea.Cordyline fruticosa (L)A.Cheval..Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour..Calathea roseo-picta (Lindl.)Regel.while those for the sunny side areHibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn..Acalypha wilkesiana Muell.-Arg..Codiaeumvariegatum (L)A.Juss..Buxus megistophylla Levl.,Euonymus japonicusThunb.var.aurea-marginatus Hort.,Ligustrum lucidum Ait,Photinia标准基体serrulata Lindl.var.serrulata.Nandina domestica Thunb.,Mahonia fortunei(Lindl.Fedde.etc.花槽领斜校置试示意图Siant Planting Grooves Schematic Diagram3.水培式(Hydroponics System)水培式主要是利用毡布将植物进行贴植，它以金属框架作为支撑，用PVC植物的选择以叶大，植株精高、观贯效果好的多年生常绿花卉及观赏性植物板因定造型兼作防水之用。还需将吸水毡布固定在其上，那么植物就可以种为主，室内主要选择红掌、合果草，粗肋草、万年青、网纹草，绿萝、龟背植在毡布上了，这种种植方式的核心在于将植物根茎固定于吸水毡布上的定竹等耐阴植物：室外阴面主要选择海芋、藏类、莺尾、龟背竹、鸭脚木。也植篮内。并使根系自然垂入植物营养液中，那么营养液就能代替自然士壤向门铁，朱蕉、红背桂等适阴植物室外阳面则主要选择大红花、红桑、变叶木。植物体提供水分、氧气、养分等生长因子，使植物正常生长并完成整个生命大叶黄杨。金边黄杨。红叶石楠、南天竹、十大功劳等向阳植物，周期00蜀素村网Z.Z$心.WET In this method.plants are planted on the felt which sticks to the surface ofpendula Schnizl..Nephrolepis auriculata (L)Trimen.the wall.The key is to ensure that the plants can take their roots into thefelt and therefore grow up naturally.4、框架牵l式(Framework System)灌溉则采用自上往下渗水的方式，这种灌溉方式的特点在于重量轻，因此适框架牵引式是采用金属框架和金属拉索牵引的方式培养植物，主要应用于室合厚度较薄的绿化墙，也适用于不同的曲面造型。水培式主要适用于室内或外或光照充足的室内。它由金属框架，金属网构成，为植物攀爬提供锋引和室外有散射光的地方支撑，使植物顺着金属网向上自由攀缘。其特点在于成本低、现场施工快及成活率高。但如果想要达到较高的绿化覆盖率，需要两年以上时间，此外可Such kind of walls often equipped with leaking irrigation system.These选择的植物品种少，不能构成多变的植物图案walls are light,thin and easy to be built in curve form.Both indoor andoutdoor spaces use this kind of wall.This kind of wall use metal frameworks and ropes to help the plantsclimb onto the wall.It is mainly used in outdoor space or indoor spacewith enough natural light.It cost little money.has a high survival rate andis easy to build.But it needs two years to create a wide coverage.Alsothe species ready for choose are few.Changeable patterns are hard toarrange in this way.防水背板编织材料植物的选择以多年生常绿的藤蔓植物为主，如蒜香藤，炮仗花、凌霄、地锦毡布(+水营养)类、薛荔、紫藤、常春藤、络石、藤本月季等。Perennial evergreen vines such as Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.Sandwith.Pyrostegia venusta (Ker)Miers,Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.)钢支架Schum.,Parthenocissus Planch..Ficus pumila Linn..Wisteria sinensis.Hedera nepalensis K.Koch var.sinensis(Tobl.)Rehd..Trachelospermum情餐筑mnn)2S心oe柜Chimbersard Rambiers..eare often employed.排水槽水培式示意图Hydroponics System Schematic Diagram植物选择的主要标准就是可以进行水培式培养的植物。室内植物主要选择蕨类、莲花竹、富贵竹、绿萝、网纹草，合果芋、万年青、龟背竹等；室外主要以鸭脚木，三色铁、朱蕉、天门冬、白纹山营兰、红背桂，吊竹梅、肾藏等为主This kind of walls mainly uses plants that are suitable for water culture.Plants used in interior space are Pteridophyta.Dracaena sanderianaLotus,Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast..Epipremnum aureum.Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lemaire)van Houtte.Syngonium podophyllumSchott,Rohdea japonica (Thunb.)Roth,Monstera deliciosa,while thoseused in outdoor are Alstonia scholaris (L)R.Br..Dracaena marginataLam.,Cordyline fruticosa (L.)A.Cheval.,Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.)金置园Merr,Dianella ensifolia (L DC.,Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour.,ZebrinaMetal Networks009理蜀素前网Z.ZS心
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