05 KPF：新松岛湾泳城市概念设计ZIP-RAR 建筑方案设计ZIP-RAR

At times all I need is a brief glimpse,an opening in the midst of an incongruous landscape,a glint of lights in the fog,the dialogue of two passersby meeting in the crowd,and I think that,setting out from there,I will put together,piece野piace the perfect city,made of fragments mixed with the rest,of instants separated by intervals,of signals one sends out,not knowing who receives them.素村网Z.Z沁.ET

粤尚莲明素南网Z.ZS心

1学 (1海1年7中1中成典啬筑 J.NE 得品出品品 4绿年重 EVOLUTION OF A PLAN og的s not an anchitect作utopa It is n减a developer's play形pund:it is net an engineer's machne nor is t a governmental bullding and marketing large scale sesidential and commeetial property led to a joent venture between the Us based Gale planing document In the context of post 199 resurgence of Asian economies,and the colossal growth of trade with China.Compary and the construction branch of the Korean steel giant.rosco.They in turn entered into a land sale agreement with the city of Incheon for an area of over acres A design team was led by New York anchitects Kobn Driven at first by the oppeetunity to capitalize on the value of a location adjaoent to Incheon airpert,one of Asia's newrit and largest 3ooo acres of landfill were deposited as part of a deteruned yet unsetted plan.The program erwisioned for thes.of moce than a years,a masterplan wras developed for a city of soooo residents and in Nowember of 2003 for the first time land began as a technology district to be execed by a corporate developer (Daewool and a foreign architect/planner(o in modem historg a title for Korean land was granted toa foren owet.At this point.hope stil outweighing the of purpose.The revival of the pilan to baild a new town took on the mote ambitious fomn of a free ecocomc sone sponsceed by Kotean and Amencan.The team broadened to incude an aray cf mutuatly supporting contnbutors the areas of pohcy.闐素村网Z.Z沁.E1

w 家，3y 3 t 2 。幻幻妇阅心的的奇筑摩木心网心J小JSCN的心心的 7”1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 ADAPTATION OF THE CONGLOMERATE ECONOMY To understand the role od Songdo as a Free Economy Zone and sts usefuiness to the Korean nation timportant to over 70%of the GNP and muist constantty keep pace with this dynami business model Finding new inter examine the tecent history of the local ccemeery.Post-wa xoeean coenmetce has been dominated by tional markets and#drgp4 tners in crucial to surtain a robust g2 owth rat地nh练Got风th00ten减 nndof compaThe'chavaralleed the rapdtbor intensiveo survival Tha,the passage cfree economic none legalation,reducing personal and corporate income tax to capital tntensive cconoeny moving into new buness nes products,and searching for new makbets In a typical %and relaong a series of lws withan this hubcity is scen as furthering the national interest.In the last decade.case.one compamy moved sequentiy na penod of o years from crats to textiles to shoes to electronte o%of Kotean mrufacturing has moved to Chana Thus,to adapt to a dfferent role in the global economy appliances tocomputer technology and service tdustries Companies,the people who make them un and the naton as a whole,are constantly retooling thetr means of producton and their sicills Foreign trade aconts for as the research and finanelal headquarters of the region,using Songdoas a base of operations 啤尚闐素村网Z.ZC.ET

?.J乃中4特海#海人A样 4每0四年d GLOBAL HUB The growth transformation of Asian trade is pethaps the most significant change in the global order of our time a collection of fortress rationa to a network of interconnected gateway hubs.The capacity of airports in these hub In a period of go years,as poliical enmities harve eroded and bariets Parve fallen countries wedch wrte isolated 共nhn0 n average doubled0waj其tod6deny地ats.Aceantry作ability to protper排treatly dependen钟s within blockes are now part of a regon whch trades freely Direct trade between China and Korea which did not success in creating these gateways weicorng foreign businessmenexchanging techcans,students,and all exist as recently aso now accounts for more than haf of Korean trade Airtne outes between Asian capital manerfune eeernf buldinghvebeen dandrachpace cties and trade centers have bargeoned The ccomemc engine which drives the Asian economy comes inereasingly that tatban settings take on the chatacterod a time-lape experiment.An Astan butinessman who aecently vied from intraAsian investment.Accordingly.newly minted megaaiportsand the free enterprase urban districts New York for the second time temarked that the world's financa cptaseemed uninteresting 'New Yorkis have sprouted from Singapcee to Shanghai from Beljing to Kuala Lumput.The map of Asia has changed from boring"the gentieman observed.'it's the same city as the one I saw last year."素村网Z.ZS沁.ET

Lrthanea Z.ZS心作 ISLAND AIRPORT EDGE CITY Since the earys,Korean govemment undertook aeres of stepstowards developing Korea's potentialas The second stage of construction schedaled to be completed in 2008 will increase airport capacity from to44 规aA6 hnology and4 oe center o时het0 gion.expk6 ng its atrategic lo6nn料oha量A4 proximity milhion passengers and would make Incheon Internatienal Airport one of the langest in the region The new airpert to Chana,and the relathe stabillty and transparency of nts legal sytem The fint mapor step was constructon of an isand the lat stepping stone in the often multistage voyage to Seoul Practically and Incheon International Arport on reclaimed tand of the incheon cosa miles wet of Seoul Construction took Scegdo shaf mainland.ha land.reflecting s tole as ahalt way rone between global and national actors and ghty代ao6em地etting in an6 nationaDy rece2 med modem airp0tata6o6时cgt多bile inuences The bndge that will conmect it to the airpert makes it a gatewaya cedtand a mixing chamber.素村网Z.Z沁.ET

SHANGHAI 4A94 a FREE TRADE CITY History is rich with examples of free trade citles The Greeks had Dels,the northern Europeans had Lobeck,will be indigenous Tratfic patterrs,favoring broad mega-lane avenues,discouraging one-way trattx,and Hamburg and Dannig and modem China traded through Hong Kong Dalian,Thanjin Shangha:and ether coastal excuding totaries will follow the local nomm Residential building types derve froen the Korean penchant for high develpeddistinctvecal patterof lfe.architectrafor and identities tinked to their specific locations European.American and Asian cities,adapting them for the Korean context.Fee example,the street edge/house Songdo is being created for mch the same purpose as a hab for notth-eastern Astan commerce It acts lAetaly (globali is used as a frame for the high-rie llocal Comretsely in some cates lecal Xorean paradigms,such as ama as a link between airport and mainland It will operate under tax and trade Lns which encourage foreign scale urban village setad have been reinterpeeted for insertion into a broader cultural context.Thus,Songdo sa particpation can be seen as part ofa sphere of internaticeal travel and commerce.Maor schools will teach hyerid cty-a transitioral zone which acts as a comnector,mbxoer.and filter between one nation and all that ties n English At the same time,the majority of long term population willbe Kocean The landscape in the parks beyond its border 闐素村网Z.Z沁.E1

400 19000 1960 20104 400 NUCLEUS 1900 CONTAINED CENTER 1960 EXPANDED CENTER 201D MULTI CENTER GROWTH OF GREATER SEOUL Seoul was founded in 94 late in Korean history.as the stronghold of the Yidynasty,on the north bank of Han Moce than a doren bridges spanning the broad Han kver,an extenshve subway systrm and a railtoad hub weie ttver Its site was protected by hills reinforeed by n mile long walls comnecting the ridges The orginal fortress constructed New apartment boces wee bullt along the banso the Han and on thenges ofthe et several times,served to contain ity growth until the earlyoo's The city was popularty called Seoul in cty.for the most part composed of monotonous rows of cete mutitory apartment houses Since the'Koeran ding beth the Yi dynasty (9-g)and the perod of lapanese regThe name itselfhascom sateite cte south of Seoul omwo Aryang and tcheon)expanded attracting more and more people to mean"capital"in the Korean language.In the perod of lapanvese rule,the old city walls and gates were to the Seoul metrepolitan area Unlike the suburbs of 196o's these cities ase not merely serping quarters but removed The city expanded alng a Tectangular pattem of new paved roads with westemstyle bunldings and have commercialcultumal and tetail centers of their own in the 199's,the development of commucatn streetears The inofrural popation into the cty and chronic houing shortages of thegos and 6o's led to techeclogy further boosted development ef satelecitiesetablishing the mcenter/edge city structure the lage-scale expansion of Seoul along a mmber of raduting streets antetconnected by aseries of circular roads of greater Seoul.闐素村网Z.Z沁.EI

n5”1s5 凑J7器 oodapbodooado ORGANIC UNITY AND COMPLETENESS New Songdo City was defined at the outset as an urban center where the widest range ot activities would take use of an advanced research hospital.The wide range of archtectural typologies reflects thas varkety.tike the place.Whe as a hub ctty it reaches on to attract participants fromn abroad it also ams at internal self sufficimncy.0 cean hner.0 tthe human body,5on的s designed as a销amie whole Exoept foe industry and agricultu地 A resident or visitor will be able to live na vanety of setngsuchasagden apartment or a derde urban area whuich are typically found oidetctescmletesa pictuseofmodeme Thisstan in ctast to mo Hewi be able toergage in all sorts of commerce.intemational and local to attend a comvention,to shop in newy b planned urban centers which are constructed for a moee specitic purpose (udang for commesce.drpartment stores or stroll through magbets to edcate his children in local puble schools ot in international Canary Wharf for financial services:Brasilia for government.ta Defense foe coeporate buriness:Putra laya for cumculum academles to visit a museum or an aquarum to play golf,tenn orsato po to the theater,see techeology.and countless others as bedroom communities)The yarety of its use will allow Songdo to adapt an operaca movie.to visit govemment offices:to stay in a variety of hotels.boutiqueogandsal to make over time to future economic and oiltural and to harbor new ues which cannot be accurately predicted at the time of its creation.闐素村网Z.Z沁.EI

项速 PLANNED HETEROGENEITY The order of any city can be measured in terms of two basic dimereions:space and time.Often varieties of spatial tof potential organic interest For this reason,the plan csongdo s marked by intentional changes of scale.ceder (narrow streets v性40b0uvad线8dp由ns性wandtring pathsy refle时he8 wth of a c5yrt rct片时0 s of geometry.dvarrties对open space characte.eteo8 eneity,widch nerma时0oou特e to the dfferent epochs Medleva Paris had its artow passages Napoleon h broad boulevasds Lke the rings of a tree periodsof properity are uually marked by exterve growth while periods of difficulty nomally leavea leaner that afflicts many overly planned developments fextteme caves are levittown and varlous irstant edge cities of teoced and wa件can cause destruction or con由ction.These matks of time reflect c小ang生n tocety.crun样 Seoul such as Soon Dang)where the spatial formula is monetonoen and the often surpelsing element of time has technology.and aesthetic sensibility What happers when as in the case of Songdo,acty is planned and teen temoved a ten year penod The contrarton of the time in the development of a city can be seen as 闐素村网Z.ZC.ET

网 24 THE VARIED DIET The vitality of the urban condition arses from the varkety of expenences that a city offers to ts inhabitants around the world Its central zone will foster a festival of architectural tmention.To a certain extent as in the Just as the health of an indhidual penon n strengthened by a broad gene pool a vared diet of foods and a pian c Manhattan varety of the indidual blocks wbe fostered by a relatively tepettive street grid withina pogressn of thoughts,a cty culture benetits froen breathofchoice Great cities open up to usikegand given oe.Thus,what appears in the masterplan tock model as generk tepetition within a neighbothood will bataans They are like vast dictionarles each street like a page of words with different meanings sounds and eventually ghve rise to a multiplicity of materials and forms Whether the palette of matertah will tend towatds a ceigins.The plan of Songdo incorporates varied scales ef streetx muniple tree types.builng deraities coning corsistent eruemble.as in the limestone of Patis,the brick efChelea or the capboard of San Francisco,or towands uses,and open space conguons.The achutecture o the city w come from ntive desgners from melange found many other cties remains to be seen This aspectof New Songdo Oty will be left tochance.素村网Z.ZS沁.ET

44科41率m4行y时网时行彩=期1计特#1行1年计中 4料A海游4年4件月年斜年门1度度4年1特彩游年年有计了#4十位10料细台1年4日件中中 UTOPIA VS.ATOPIA Many planned cities from past centuares have incorporated scme element of utopian ideal This has been done spoce and the ptesence of water can transtorm urban liing have been incorporated within this patchwork.in explenly as im the case of New Harmeny,Indiana,or more indirectly as tn the case of xan,the andent capital addition to this emphashs on nature.New Songdo City places special emphasts on rducation with intemational f China These clties emboded an deof how man could live cnearthor even reflecteda vision of the order of schoos forming the nuceus of the two Cultural for the performing heaven c创coune,a越he装p点ns became cities and were lived in over time dea当6 perfection kly tran时omed arts,fine art and the study of marine biology peanctuate the main park route linting the water's edge with the tnto settings for everyday ldfe.As is clear from its plan New Soeedo Cty has no ovemiing rigd geometry and conventien center.The central placement of edacateeal and artitie institutions in the Songdo plan refects the maesno ttetoreter to a peafect order.t is more a patchwork of pleces denved fromcites chwe know Confucian values of Korean soclety and the desine to strengthen cultun tes to other nations as part of the Free Economy Zooe agenda 闐素村网Z.ZC.ET

年A THE KOREAN LANDSCAPE Seventy percent of the Korean Penina mountainoo,etched with smays and srounded by narrw coastal plains The Taebaet Mountains run in oya nothouh direction aong the eastem coastine The shalow Yellow Sea and the isthe highest at incheon.about纷et at its maximum Alarge scale litt的one wasdeveloped中to the big range of tide,as seduments were ptled up from the land and the sea and created an mmerdse tidal fat.These muddy expanses.whule not presenting a plctute postcard coasta vew.hve a deepallure for the Korean people.Traditionsof camming and meanderng along beoad stretches odbeach which exist hat of the time uner water.are the tegular rituals of local famlly life New Songdo City wi preserve this character i the 5o%of its shore length facing the sea.The other haf 闐素村网Z.Z沁.EI

面网J.NE可 =年年4n =与，对身 MANMADE LANDSCAPE Unbike European cities.traditional Chinese and Korean cities maintained relatively horrontal skytines With the and rocks as a vehicle for illustrating emotkns Songdo brings together a Kotean skyline of hi and tare exceptions od be towers and gates houses temples and palaces were one or two story structutes The skyline moantainteps and the dynamicay profiled manmade landscape of a modern high-tse city.The skytine of of Seoul through the oo's was doeninated by the suounding hillsan esential part of ceean lndscape.Koeean eidental dutncts gradually steps up towards the center with the distributon elements accentuating gardensthebakdeChangdeok palace inofteinempe)madeof hill ewith height limited to Park Avenue Gradlly increaing alowabie height and flooc area ratios re nsofter paths wrater hatind,gates and pavilions positioned in a catefully calulated relatsonship with the topegraphy of the outlines than those of downtown Seoul Shan ghal or Hong Xong where high-tise builings are ditributed hFascination withouinousandcapee Kotean landscape painting that ses montains hil over a much larger area 素村网Z.Z沁.ET

筑JZ PEDESTRIAN CITY =GRADUATED DENSITY The hearts of the world's great cties ate typically pedestrian frendly places where locals and visitors ake come In beoad term,cities with dense cores can be redeared to as 'Market'or Hub'cities.These cities abo cater to to take avantage of a wide variety of acthrities The success of commercal neighbothoods libe Ginra in Tekyo.nsdential un由r0tyG钟op cf or adjacent to commercial3裤along with good mass-transit and an inderesting Covent Garden in London,and New York's Soho district He in telatrvey small scaes that encourage walking from mix of shoppingdining and cultura attraondmore practcal equementof city life(polke departments.place to place.as well as peodmity to dense resdential distritsand good mass trant.In stark contra to these schools hospitalstc Garden cities,ltbe Savannah Georgia,or London's leafy rexdential sqares,are also places Iely and populat places cites lke Los Angeles Sangiokand Houston tre lengthy car tpe to move between designed for pedestriam But they lack the density and the drrmse range of ues that comtribute to the hb's hustle tesdenticommercial and retail diatricts andck the demsy to produce the ndsod concentted hives where and bustle Gardencites are queter and greener that the hub'or'marketcity and are typically mostly resdential people want to be.素村网Z.ZS沁.ET

@@4 ZONING TENT'New Songdo City,as a trade hub,s errisioned as haring an exciting bustling core.wnll be a place to whch wpwrwwmtrprwmr eople vill b树由wm时one where they will enjoy spending tiene The heart时woCy.ompelsing trict in the spinit of great 'hub'cties aound the world.Our experence has taught us that an activecenter needs to be nomed writh a Floor Area Ratio (FAR]of at least 2s An FAk of 2.5 or highet will ensuee the level of population density that can lead to a succeaatul pedestran emvaronment When density falls below this level nrmil mmmmm a place beccmes an'automobile'city and loses the vitality that is cructal to the a'market or hb'city 素村网Z.ZS沁.ET

nnim imnwm IECTION TNESOCN COMMERCILAL AND MIRED-USE IONS8 4#611 nL几LThm 4 小M腆尚孺算J.NE可 For this reason the density of New Scegdo Cty forma a tent-like diagram with maximum height and density at the would be allowed under typecal Korean oning By breaking out of the rigd imposition of ooe average EAR (for center Calong the park)tapering odf to much lower densities at the edges:As a'matbet'city at the center and a the entire site.the 'tent'allows both a bustling market'city core and pleasant garden'caty reighbechoods on the gasden'city at the edges the design uses an FAR of 4oalong Central Park graduay stepping down to an FAR of1c edge,noiding the monotony that plagues much recent develpeent By combining thebest of the dere'maket at the edge of the site.The high FAR ed in the design of the residential and commercal areas adjacent to Central city and the bucolc'gaden'city.New Songdo City wil offer a mch wider varety of residential and cmmercal ark线ela鲜he taller basings in those districts,violates与cal Keeean coming foe those pareels When the options than i supplied by comeentional development.Finally the'ten dagram results in a memneeable skyline neighboroodtakensehowever,therable FArsand bullding heightsouttoesthanwht whichwevenuygive New Sonpdo Cityaptonounced and eb dentty 素村网Z.ZS沁.ET

ZSc 身身身身身费身身身底高 PEDESTRIAN ZONE EXTENDED PEDESTRIAN ZONE LOCAL TRANSPORT ZONE PEDESTRIAN THRESHOLDS A pedestrian threshold refers to the extent of a zone within which cne would walk c take public transport rather Complementing these accessible pedestran xones as the overall coberence of the city foem Rather than a aprwl han由h礼D岁ms above map thtee scales of pedestrian tern然af代dfn4not-ane4 within a sho件 which increases the chances that an indhsdual's daily activities will tete long distance tripe by cat.New Songdo walk of tess than s minutes (b)extended pedestrian scale-an aea within a lng walk or a short bicycle rde.local transportation area-a part of town where one would tend to use public tranaport.The diagrams above show four sernario(attending a comvention (shopping downtown Songdo,Irring noth of the park:and )woeking on Pak Avenue.素村网Z.Z沁.ET

尚跪索材网 BEUJING SHANGHAI VIENNA PARIS:LONDON:NEW SONGDO CITY:NUCLEUS DUAL LO8E RADIAL SECTOR RADIAL WORK HETEROGENEOUS SYNERGY 销g与时约n年4转特的移毛计等中学材小年年海时4材料保海得时年转钟每诗科本44斜每L 0料4样 MODELS OF URBAN CENTRALITY Urban order rarely adheres to a single paradigm Most latge cities contatn planned and incrementally developed areas of htstork tabrie were destroyed.Among the most recent budktings on the North South as is Peljing Olympic sections teflecting hetercgeneous economr political and socal coedtions.The purpose of these diagramst Stadtum designed by Henaog and De Meurce Dual tobe Shanghal is divided by Huangpu river into two haves the old city on the west bank and the new in Pudong on the east bank of the.Until the19o's Pudeng was istinct models of uban grewth These models ae subsequently reirterpreted to indorm the plannng of Songdo an industrial suburb notorlous as the city's most extensive sum and afte99 housing worker's agricultura Nacleus Betging was bullt accceding to Chinese geomantic practsoes in a seqence of concrrtric squares atoupd communities The district was transdomed in less than a decade to become the business center of China,attracting the mudeusol the Forbidden City Over the last eight centunes continuous cate was taken to preserve and ee ntemal coheroe of this plan.All the city walls important gites main verues and streets,teligousg defense.Up the second Turkish siege in 1683 Vienna was a permanently embattied border city.Fortificatices with and shepping markets were systematically arranged an relation to the central axi drawn in North/South deectio the glacis surrounding the old aty were by far the most dominant part of the urban landcape.The radial patter of through the center of theFortadden City.The plan srvied even the dnve to modemre the city after when 闐素村网Z.ZC.ET

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